Mediastinal syndrome. Case report
Abstract
Introduction: mediastinal syndrome is a set of symptoms and signs resulting from the compression of one or more mediastinum organs due to increased size (tumoral, inflammatory or of other nature) of organs that constitute it, or by compression generated by the growth of surrounding structures. More than 50 % of mediastinal masses observed in adults are located in the anterior mediastinum; the most frequent diagnoses are thymoma, lymphoma, teratoma and benign thyroid tumors; however 60 % of cases are malignant, so in the presence of an anterior mediastinal mass, a careful handling is required.
Objective: to report a case of mediastinal syndrome diagnosed in the Cuban Medical Mission in Timor Leste that, because of the infrequency of its occurrence, progression, the complexity of diagnosis and the revision adopted in the current literature on the subject, it is interesting.
Case presentation: a male patient, 59 years old, submitted from Maubisse to the National Hospital "Guido Valadares" in Dili, Timor Leste, because he presented rapid and progressive growth of the mediastinal mass, dyspnea and discomfort swallowing. Complementary examinations and biopsy by fine needle aspiration were positive for the presence of malignant cells; it was diagnosed a primary carcinoma and the patient was referred to the Service of Surgery.
Conclusions: mediastinum can be a seat for various tumoral formations, therefore the differential diagnosis is complex and requires from specialist the use of several diagnostic methods.
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