Risk factors for perinatal asphixia
Abstract
Introduction: the term perinatal asphyxia is very controversial and its use requires extreme care for its ethical and legal implications; it is defined as the syndrome resulting from the suspension or severe reduction of fetal gas exchange, which generates several irreversible changes: anoxia, hypercapnia, metabolic acidosis, failure of at least two organs and, in some cases, death.Objective: to identify risk factors for perinatal asphyxia in live births.
Method: an observational retrospective cohort study of all live births occurred at the Maternity Service of the Provincial General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola" of Ciego de Ávila, from January 2014 to December 2015 was carried out. The universe consisted of 5 490 newborns classified according to their exposure to risk factors for perinatal asphyxia. For data collection, a questionnaire validated by experts was used; the results were presented in tables, expressed in absolute frequencies and percentages.
Results: in cases of hypoxia at birth, the relevant risk factors were management (20 % retroplacental hematomas and 15,7 % previous placentas), meconial amniotic fluid, use of oxytocin to initiate or continue labor and dystocia; neck dystocia was the main complication related to depression at birth.
Conclusions: complications in labor are important risk factors for the presentation of perinatal asphyxia; elective caesarean section does not contribute to decrease its incidence.Downloads
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