Generalities of Bacterial Resistance in Intensive Therapy
Keywords:
Infecciones Nosocomiales, Resistencia Bacteriana, GérmenesAbstract
The nosocomial infections are due to multi-resistant germs (among which pneumonias play a significant role), they are placed among the emergent infections and as such they constitute one of the most important health problems in years to come. Multiple pieces of evidence have shown that the bacterial resistance at the ICU has a great impact in the prognosis of patients. The germs present in pts. admitted to the ICU may come from the environment, from the normal body flora or might be acquired by contact with other patients or health care providers.Downloads
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References
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2. Ban N, Nissen P, Hansen J, Moore PB, Steitz TA. The complete atomic structure of the large ribosomal subunit at 2.4 A resolution. Science 2000;289:905-920.
3. Barnett ED, Klein JO. The problem of resistant bacteria for the management of acute otitis media. Pediatr Clin North Am 1995;42:509-517.
4. Bartlett JG, Breiman RF, Mandell LA, File TM. Community-acquired pneumonia in adults: guidelines for management. Clin Infect Dis 1998;26:811-838.
5. Bisno AL. Acute pharyngitis. N Engl J Med 2001;344:205-211.[Full Text]
6. Black S, Shinefield H, Fireman B. Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:187-195.
7. Breiman RF, Butler JC, Tenover FC, Elliott JA, Facklam RR. Emergence of drug-resistant pneumococcal infections in the United States. JAMA 1994;271:1831-1835.
8. Buckingham SC, Brown SP, Joaquin VH. Breakthrough bacteremia and meningitis during treatment with cephalosporins parenterally for pneumococcal pneumonia. J Pediatr 1998;132:174-176.
9. Catalan MJ, Fernandez JM, Vazquez A, Varela de Seijas E, Suarez A, Bernaldo de Quiros JC. Failure of cefotaxime in the treatment of meningitis due to relatively resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis 1994;18:766-769.
10. Chen DK, McGeer A, de Azavedo JC, Low DE. Decreased susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones in Canada. N Engl J Med 1999;341:233-239.
11. Chen FM, Breiman RF, Farley M, Plikaytis B, Deaver K, Cetron MS. Geocoding and linking data from population-based surveillance and the US Census to evaluate the impact of median household income on the epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. Am J Epidemiol 1998;148:1212-1218.
12. Choi E, Lee HJ. Clinical outcome of invasive infections by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Korean children. Clin Infect Dis 1998;26:1346-1354.
13. Dagan R, Abramson O, Leibovitz E. Bacteriologic response to oral cephalosporins: are established susceptibility breakpoints appropriate in the case of acute otitis media? J Infect Dis 1997;176:1253-1259.
14. Dagan R, Melamed R, Muallem M. Reduction of nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci during the second year of life by a heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine. J Infect Dis 1996;174:1271-1278.
15. Dagan R, Muallem M, Melamed R, Leroy O, Yagupsky P.
Reduction of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in early infancy after immunization with tetravalent pneumococcal vaccines conjugated to either tetanus toxoid or diphtheria toxoid. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997;16:1060-1064.
16. Dean AG, Dean JA, Coulombier D. Epi Info, version 6: a word processing, database, and statistics program for public health on IBM-compatible microcomputers. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1995.
17. Deeke SL, Palacio R, Ruvinsky R, et al. Risk factors and course of illness among children with invasive penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pediatrics 1999;103:409-413.
18. del Castillo F, Baquero-Artigao F, Garcia-Perea A. Influence of recent antibiotic therapy on antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with acute otitis media in Spain. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998;17:94-97.
19. Depardieu F, Courvalin P. Mutation in 23S RNA responsible for resistance to 16-membered macrolides and streptogramins in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001;45:319-323.
20. Doern GV, Brueggemann AB, Huynh H, Wingert E. Antimicrobial resistance with Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States, 1997 98. Emerg Infect Dis 1999;5:757-765.
21. Dowell SF, Butler JC, Giebink GS. Acute otitis media: management and surveillance in an era of pneumococcal resistance: a report from the Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Therapeutic Working Group. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999;18:1-9.
22. Dowell SF, Smith T, Leversedge K, Snitzer J. Failure of pneumonia treatment associated with highly resistant pneumococci in a child. Clin Infect Dis 1999;29:462-463.
23. Dunne WM Jr, Kehl KS, Holland-Staley CA, Brueggemann AB, Pfaller MA, Doern GV. Comparison of results generated by serotyping, pulsed-field restriction analysis, ribotyping, and repetitive-sequence PCR used to characterize penicillin-resistant pneumococci from the United States. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:1791-1795.
24. Feikin DR, Schuchat A, Kolczak M. Mortality from invasive pneumococcal pneumonia in the era of antibiotic resistance, 1995-1997. Am J Public Health 2000;90:223-229.
25. Heffelfinger JD, Dowell SF, Jorgensen JH. Management of community-acquired pneumonia in the era of pneumococcal resistance: a report from the Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Therapeutic Working Group. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1399-1408.
26. Hofmann J, Cetron MS, Farley MM, et al. The prevalence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Atlanta. N Engl J Med 1995;333:481-486.
27. Jacobs MR. Increasing importance of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996;15:940-943.
28. Tait-Kamradt A, Davies T, Appelbaum PC. Two new mechanisms of macrolide resistance in clinical strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Eastern Europe and North America. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44:3395-3401.
29. Thornsberry C, Ogilvie PT, Holley HP, Sahm DF. In vitro activity of grepafloxacin and 25 other antimicrobial agents against Streptococcus pneumoniae: correlation with penicillin resistance. Clin Ther 1998;20:1179-1190.
30. Turett GS, Blum S, Fazal BA, Justman JE, Telzak EE. Penicillin resistance and other predictors of mortality in pneumococcal bacteremia in a population with high human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence. Clin Infect Dis 1999;29:321-327.
31. Unge J, Berg A, Al-Kharadaghi S. The crystal structure of ribosomal protein L22 from Thermus thermophilus: insights into the mechanism of erythromycin resistance. Structure 1998;6:1577-1586.
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Muara Álvarez HD, Hernández Morgado JM, Villamil Fumero K. Generalities of Bacterial Resistance in Intensive Therapy. Mediciego [Internet]. 2004 Oct. 22 [cited 2026 Jan. 6];10. Available from: https://revmediciego.sld.cu/index.php/mediciego/article/view/2677
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