Risk factors associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux for otorhinolaryngological diseases
Keywords:
gastritis, hiatal hernia, laryngopharyngeal reflux, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, risk factorsAbstract
Introduction: laryngopharyngeal reflux occurs due to alterations in the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract and is associated with the development of otolaryngological diseases. This condition accounts for up to 30.00 % of specialist consultations.
Objective: to identify, in adult patients, the risk factors associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux for otolaryngological diseases.
Methods: an analytical, cross-sectional study of 77 patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux treated at the Otolaryngology Department of the "Dr. Salvador Allende" Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital from October 2023 to July 2024. The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, personal medical history, and substance and dietary habits. Descriptive statistics were used; the odds ratio (OR) and Pearson's chi-squared test (X²) were used to estimate the association. Ethical principles for research involving human subjects were followed.
Results: older adults (39.00 %) and females (54.50 %) predominated. Gastric diseases were the most frequent antecedent (58.40 %). The majority presented with involvement of the pharynx, vocal cords, tonsils, foreign body sensation, dysphonia, dysphagia, otalgia, and throat clearing as the main symptoms. Pharyngitis was reported in almost all patients (92.20 %). Gastritis, hiatal hernia, and poor dietary habits were identified as contributing factors, along with reflux, in the development of otorhinolaryngologic diseases.
Conclusions: most patients presented with more than one disease. Risk factors that, combined with laryngopharyngeal reflux, favored the development of more than one otorhinolaryngological disease were: gastritis, hiatal hernia, and poor dietary habits.
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