Quality of life of chronic kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis
Keywords:
chronic renal insufficiency; hypertension; renal dialysis; renal replacement therapy; quality of lifeAbstract
Introduction: worldwide, approximately 10.00 % of the adult population suffers from chronic kidney disease; therefore, it is a global public health problem. In Nicaragua, timely access to and continuation of treatment are difficult, especially in rural areas and among vulnerable populations.
Objective: to evaluate the health-related quality of life of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Methods: in 2024, a descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was carried out at the “Gaspar García Laviana” Hospital (Managua). A sample of 55 patients was selected from 63 adult hemodialysis patients using non-probability convenience sampling. The Kidney Disease Quality of Life-36 instrument was used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The ethical principles of scientific research were fulfilled.
Results: male patients predominated (60.00 %), and those over 55 years of age (49.00 %). The majority were unemployed, married, had a primary education, and lived in rural areas. The physical component was the most affected (71.00 %), followed by the mental component (29.00 %). Quality of life deteriorated more in patients on hemodialysis for a long time (more than 11 years).
Conclusions: the negative impacts on health-related quality of life were primarily in the physical component and moderate in the mental component. Longer periods on hemodialysis caused increasing deterioration in quality of life. The research provided scientific evidence to understand the consequences of chronic kidney failure and hemodialysis therapy beyond traditional clinical indicators.
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