Quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing peritoneal dialysis
Keywords:
chronic renal insufficiency, depression, hypertension, peritoneal dialysis, quality of life, risk factorsAbstract
Introduction: advanced stages of chronic kidney disease require replacement therapies such as peritoneal dialysis, which generate significant changes in patients' lives and affect their well-being.
Objective: analyze the perception of the quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease in treatment with peritoneal dialysis at the “Antonio Lenin Fonseca” School Hospital in Managua, Nicaragua during the year 2024.
Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 26 patients with at least six months of peritoneal dialysis treatment. Sociodemographic, clinical, and quality of life variables were analyzed using the EuroQol-5D-5L questionnaire and the visual analog scale. Data were processed with descriptive statistics using SPSS software. The ethical principles of scientific research were followed.
Results: most patients were male (61.50 %), single (69.20 %), with low educational level (57.70%) and living in rural areas (88.50 %). The comorbidities found in the patients studied were high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes mellitus. The most affected dimensions of quality of life were: pain/discomfort (69.20% with moderate problems) and anxiety/depression (57.70 % with moderate symptoms). The overall perception of health status was lower in men with a lower educational level (mean = 54.20).
Conclusions: the quality of life of patients on peritoneal dialysis is compromised mainly in emotional and functional aspects. Educational level, comorbidities, and social environment influence self-perception of health status. The need for comprehensive interventions that include not only medical treatment but also emotional and social support for the patient is evident
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