Characterization of type 2 diabetics with severe hyperglycemia and metabolic acidosis, admitted to the Military Hospital of Luanda, Angola
Keywords:
diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes mellitusAbstract
Introduction: in sub-Saharan Africa, the incidence of metabolic acidosis in diabetics, frequently suffered by those with type 2, is unknown.
Objective: to characterize type 2 diabetics with severe hyperglycemia and metabolic acidosis, admitted to the Main Military Hospital of Luanda.
Methods: in the period from January 2019 to March 2020, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 32 patients admitted to the medical room, diagnosed with severe hyperglycemia and metabolic acidosis. Sociodemographic, clinical and biochemical variables were analyzed. Data were obtained from individual medical records. Descriptive statistical measures were used to summarize the information. Ethical principles were met.
Results: the mean age of the patients was 49.9 ± 1.0. There was a predominance of males (71.88 %), military category (56.25 %), diabetes diagnosis of less than one year (56.25 %) and serious illness (56.25 %). Among those with a personal pathological history (40.63 %), arterial hypertension predominated (34.30 %). The main causes of worsening were: therapeutic abandonment (34.38 %), infections (31.25 %), and recent onset diabetes (28.13 %). The means of body mass index and hospital stay were, respectively, 21.8 ± 5.3 and 15.1 ± 4.8 days. Mean pH was 7.1 ± 0.2, bicarbonate 9.7 ± 5.8, and glycemia 420.3 ± 141.9 mg/dl.
Conclusions: in the face of a probable diabetic ketoacidosis, the doctor must know the characteristics and complexities of severe hyperglycemia with metabolic acidosis, in order to make the appropriate therapeutic decisions.
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