Characterization of patients with protein-energy malnutrition admitted to a Internal Medicine hospital service
Abstract
Introduction: hospital-diagnosed malnutrition is becoming one of the main public health problems of the 21st century. The nutritional assessment of the patient is the first step in the nutritional care process.
Objective: to characterize patients with protein-energy malnutrition treated in the Internal Medicine service of the Dr. "León Cuervo Rubio" Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital in Pinar del Río, between January 2018 and December 2019.
Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study at the Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital of Pinar del Río in the 2018-2019 biennium. It worked with all 52 adults diagnosed with protein-energy malnutrition, according to body mass index, admitted to the Internal Medicine service. Individual medical records were reviewed and research ethics principles were followed.
Results: the male sex (63.46%) and the age group between 60 and 79 years (42.31%) predominated. The highest frequency of malnutrition occurred in the light (38.46%) and severe (38.46%) degrees. Respiratory diseases were the main cause of admission –pneumonia (42.31%) and acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (21.15%)–. The most frequent complication was nosocomial pneumonia (25.00%). High mortality prevailed in the elderly (17.31%) and the hospital stay was prolonged (71.15%).
Conclusions: the male sex predominated, the group between 60 and 79 years, light and severe malnutrition, respiratory diseases as the cause of admission -especially pneumonia (42.31%) and acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (21.15%)– and the long hospital stay. Two fifths presented complications and almost one fifth died from complications associated with malnutrition.Downloads
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