A descriptive observational study was carried out on the Human papillomavirus Infection associated to the Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasm in patients attended in Cervix Pathology Department in the Provincial Hospital Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola, Ciego de Ávila, during the year 2000 and with the aim to estimate the incidence of this virus and relate some clinical and epidemiological variables in patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasm (NIC). The universe was constituted by 152 patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasm and the sample was constituted by 141 patients with Human papillomavirus. A survey was applied where the following variables were gathered: age, first sexual relations, parity, toxic habits, cytologic diagnoses degree and colposcopic injuries. The information was processed in a computerized form. The main results were the relation of Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasm (NIC) with 92.8%, the low degree injury type I obtained the biggest number of cases with 67%. The beginning of sexual intercourse in groups of 16 to 20 years with 59.6%, smoking with 68% were the three risk factors that showed more relation and the mosaic and punctation were the colposcopic injuries that prevailed. It concludes the existence of the high relation between the Human papillomavirus and the cervical intraepithelial Neoplasm.
Abstract
Introduction: The simple chronic glaucoma is a worldwide health problem. This disease brings about blindness or severe decrease of the visual acuity, with the consequent affectation to the patient´s social and psychological aspects. Objective: to identify the therapeutic answer of the application of the acupuncture as a complement of decompensated simple chronic glaucoma treatment. Method: It was carried out a descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study in 78 patients with diagnosis of the disease, attended in the Ophthalmic Center “Enrique Cabrera”, during the year 2009. They were selected at random, three groups of 26 patients. Conventional treatment was applied to the first group; It was added acupuncture treatment to the second group and to the third one was added puncture with needles in not acupuncture points. Results: It prevailed patients older than 60 years, women and of black skin in the three groups. In the first and third groups there was a little variation in the three analyzed parameters, while in the second one there was a decrease of the intraocular pressure and visual improvement after the acupuncture treatment. Conclusions: Acupuncture can be considered as a complementary therapeutic option in patients with decompensated simple chronic glaucoma.Downloads
References
World Health Organization. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. Technical Report Series 854. Geneva: WHO; 1995.
Langer P, Tajtakova M, Kocan A, Drobna b, Kostalova L, Fodor G, et al. Thyroid volume, iodine intake, autoimmune thyroid disorders, inborn factors, and endocrine disruptors: twenty-year studies of multiple effects puzzle in Slovakia. Endocr Regul [Internet]. 2012 [citado 13 Ene 2013]; 46(4): 191-203. Disponible en: http://www.elis.sk/index.php?page=shop.product_details&flypage=flypage.tpl&product_id=3113&category_id=93&option=com_virtuemart&vmcchk=1&Itemid=1
Yao D, He X, Yang RL, Jiang GP, Xu YH, Zou CC, et al. Sonographic measurement of thyroid volumes in healthy Chinese infants aged 0 to 12 months. J Ultrasound Med [Internet]. 2011 [citado 13 Ene 2013]; 30(7): 895-8. Disponible en: http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/30/7/895.long
Szybinski Z, Trofimiuk-Müldner M, Buziak-Bereza M, Walczycka L, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A. Reference values for thyroid volume established by ultrasound in Polish schoolchildren. Endokrynol Pol [Internet]. 2012 [citado 13 Ene 2013]; 63(2):104-9. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=2012[pdat]+AND+Szybinski+Z[first+author]+AND+Reference+values+for+thyroid+volume+established+by+ultrasound+&TransSchema=title&cmd=detailssearch
Kim BK, Choi YS, Oak CH, Park YH, Kim JH, Park DJ, et al. Determination of thyroid volume by ultrasonography among schoolchildren in Philippines. Intern J Endocr [Internet]. 2012 [citado 13 Ene 2013]; 2012: [aprox. 6 p.]. Disponible en: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ije/2012/387971/
Terry B, Zulueta D, de la Paz M, Flores E. Sal yodada: fundamentos de un sistema de vigilancia en Cuba. Rev Esp Nutr Comunit. 2006; 12(2):94-9.
Henjum S, Strand TA, Torheim LE, Oshaug A, Parr CL. Data quality and practical challenges of thyroid volume assessment by ultrasound under field conditions - observer errors may affect prevalence estimates of goiter. Nutr J [Internet]. 2010 [citado 13 Ene 2013]; 9:66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3018367/
Trimboli P, Rossi F, Thorel F, Condorelli E, Laurenti O, Ventura C, et al. One in five subjects with normal thyroid ultrasonography has altered thyroid tests. Endocr J [Internet]. 2012 [citado 13 Ene 2013]; 59(2):137-43. Disponible en: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/59/2/59_EJ11-0129/_article
Zimmermann MB, Saad A, Hess SY, Torresani T, Chaouki N. Thyroid ultrasound compared with World Health Organization 1960 and 1994 palpation criteria for determination of goiter prevalence in regions of mild and severe iodine deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol. 2000; 143: 727–31.
Sheth S. Role of ultrasonography in thyroid disease. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2010; 43: 239-255.
Ghervan C. Thyroid and parathyroid ultrasound. Med Ultras [Internet]. 2011 [citado 13 Ene 2013]; 13(1): 80-84. Disponible en: http://www.medultrason.ro/thyroid-and-parathyroid-ultrasound
Azizi F, Delshald H, Mehrabi Y. Thyroid volumes in schoolchildren of Tehran: comparison with European schoolchildren. J Endocrinol Invest. 2001; 24:756-62.
World Health Organization; United Nations Children’s Fund; International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination. A guide for programme managers. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007.
Chang CY, Lei YF, Tseng CH, Shih SR. Thyroid segmentation and volume estimation in ultrasound images. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2010; 57(6):1348-57.
Rossi A, Tomimori E, Camargo R, Medeiros-Neto G. Determination of thyroid volume by sonography in healthy Brazilian schoolchildren. J Clin Ultras. 2002; 30:226-31.
Anele T. Ecografía volumétrica de tiroides normal en los nigerianos. J Ultras Africa Occ. 2001; 2(1): 10-12.
Litu Chena D, Tonksa K, Greenfielda JR, El-Noutyc C, Hercbergc S, Czernichowe S. Thyroid volume predicts body mass index 2 and 6 years later. J Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 2(3):105-109.
Yao D, He X, Yang RL, Jiang GP, Xu YH, Zou CC, et al. Sonographic measurement of thyroid volumes in healthy Chinese infants aged 0 to 12 months. J Ultras Med. 2011; 30:895–898.
Consenso en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las afecciones del tiroides. Rev Cubana Endocrinol [Internet]. 2004 [citado 17 Feb 2012]; 15(1): [aprox. 8 p.]. Disponible en: http://www.bvs.sld.cu/revistas/end/vol15_1_04/end13104.htm
Boas M, Hegedus L, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Skakkebæk NE, Hilsted L, Main KM. Association of thyroid gland volume, serum insulin-like growth factor-i, and anthropometric variables in euthyroid prepubertal children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010; 94(10):4031–35.
D´Arbo Alves ML, Duarte GC, Navarro AM, Tomimori EK. Avaliaçao ultrassonografica da tireoide, determinacao da iodúria e concentraçao de iodo em sal de cozinha utilizado por escolares de Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brasil. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2010; 54(9): 813-818.
Berghout A, Wiersinga WM, Smits NJ, Touber JL. Determinants of thyroid volume as measured by ultrasonography in healthy adults in a non iodine deficient area. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1987; 26: 273-280.
Wesche MFT, Wiersinga WM, Smits NJ. Lean body mass as a determinant of thyroid size. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1998; 48: 701-706.
Barrére X, Valeix P, Preziosi P, Bensimon M, Pelletier B, Galan P, Hercberg S. Determinants of thyroid volume in healthy french adults participating in the SU.VI.MAX cohort. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2000; 52: 273-278.
Rezzónico JN, Bossa N, Muñoz P, Leiva RA. Volumen tiroideo ecográfico en mujeres normales: Correlación con variables antropométricas y edad. Comparación con mujeres obesas y varones. Influencia del ciclo menstrual, las estaciones del año y el ejercicio físico. Endocrinol. 1997; 44:213-217.
Hegedüs L, Perrild H, Poulsen RL, Andersen JR, Holm B, Schnohr P, et al. The determination of thyroid volume by ultrasound and its relationship to body weight, age and sex in normal subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983; 56: 260-263.
Gutekunst R, Smolarek H, Hasenpusch U, Stubbe P, Friedrich HJ, Wood WG, et al. Goitre epidemiology: thyroid volume, iodine excretion, thyroglobulin and thyrotropin in Germany and Sweden. Acta Endocrinol (Cophen). 1986; 112: 494-501.
Olbricht T, Schmitka T, Mellinghoff U, Benker G, Reinwein D. Sonographic determination of thyroid volume in subjects with healthy thyroids. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1983; 108:1355-1358.
Yousef M, Suleiman A, Ahmed B, Abdella A, Eltom K. Local reference ranges of thyroid volume in Sudanese normal subjects using ultrasound. J Thyroid Res [Internet]. 2011 [citado 13 Ene 2013]; 10: 1-4. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3180179/
Cakir E, Eskioglu E, Aydin Y, Ozkan SK, Guler S. Urine iodine excretion in patients with euthyroid nodular disease. Ann Saudi Med [Internet]. 2011 [citado 13 Ene 2013]; 31(5): 167-170. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183696/
Henjum S, Barikmo I, Gjerlaug AK, Mohamed-Lehabib A, Oshaug A, Strand TA, et al. Endemic goiter and excessive iodine in urine and drinking water among Saharawi refugee children. Public Health Nutr. 2010; 13: 1472-1477.
Wang Y, Zhang Z, Ge P, Wang Y, Wang S. Iodine deficiency disorders after a decade of universal salt iodization in a severe iodine deficiency region in China. Indian J Med Res. 2009; 130:413-417.
Nafisi Moghadam R, Shajari A, Afkhami-Ardekani M. Influence of physiological factors on thyroid size determined by ultrasound. Acta Med Iran [Internet]. 2011 [citado 13 Ene 2013]; 49(5): 302-4. Disponible en: http://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4342
Robbins CK. Patología estructural y funcional. 6ta ed. México DF: McGraw Hill Interamericana; 2000: 1174-1191.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Those authors who have publications with this journal accept the following terms of the License CC Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0):
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes .
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
