Characteristics of congenital malformations in Ciego de Ávila province, 2011-2018

Abstract

Introduction: congenital malformations are alterations of morphological, structural and functional development that constitute a health problem in Cuba and in the Ciego de Ávila province.

Objective: to characterize the congenital malformations that occurred in Ciego de Ávila province in the period 2011-2018.

Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on a universe of 606 births that presented malformations. The global and annual incidence rates were estimated in live births, in pregnancy interruptions and in deaths. The variables were characterized according to the mother, the malformed born and the malformation. The bioethical principles and ethical regulations of Cuban medical genetics were met.

Results: the global incidence rate (8,30 per 1 000 births) presented variations in the eight years, and 2012 was the one with the highest annual rate (12,80 %). Most of the mothers were from the Ciego de Ávila municipality (45,54 %), from the 20 to 34-year-old group (68,98 %), without a history of risk (73,43 %) and consumed category A medication (74,26 %). Among malformed births, males (59,74 %) and low birth weight (52,48 %) predominated; in malformations, prenatal diagnosis by second trimester ultrasound (73,27 %), the cardiovascular system (28,88 %) and interventricular communication (12,87 %).

Conclusions: in Ciego de Ávila, congenital malformations are frequent, especially in the main municipality, in young adult women without risks, in male babies with low birth weight, and with a predominance of those of the cardiovascular system