Perceptions of the physical examination in preventive management of the diabetic foot
Keywords:
diabetic foot, disease prevention, physical examination, type 2 diabetes mellitusAbstract
Introduction: diabetic foot is one of the most serious and frequent complications in patients with type II diabetes mellitus, associated with neuropathy, infection, and risk of amputation. Its prevention depends on regular physical examinations, health education, and adherence to self-care; however, various personal, cultural, and healthcare factors limit its systematic implementation.
Objective: to analyze the perception of the physical examination in the preventive management of diabetic foot, in patients with type II diabetes mellitus at the "Pedro Narváez Cisneros" health center, Jinotepe, Nicaragua.
Methods: a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was developed between August and December 2024, with ten participants selected by intentional sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. The analysis was carried out using thematic coding, which ensured the credibility and conformability of the process.
Results: participants have general knowledge about diabetic foot, although some detail misconceptions. Despite recognizing the importance of self-care, preventive practices were irregular and conditioned by personal and occupational limitations and the lack of review by health personnel. They also expressed interest in receiving guidance and continuing education on prevention.
Conclusion: there are gaps in education and preventive follow-up for diabetic foot. Strengthening communication between healthcare professionals and patients is needed, as well as integrating physical examinations into routine care. It is recommended to implement educational programs that promote constant self-care and early detection of injuries.
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